Description

The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is designed to assess resilience, conceptualized as the ability to cope with stress and adversity. Items ask participants about their ability to adapt, bounce back, and maintain functioning despite stressors or challenges. An abbreviated version of this scale – the CD-RISC-10 – was developed in an effort to improve the validity of the CD-RISC and modified the original 25-item scale to a 10-item scale.

AI/AN Communities where the measure has been used

Northern Arizona tribe

Demographics of AI/AN participants where the scale has been used

Hopi female adult (mostly > 60 years) caregivers residing on the Hopi reservation.

Notes on adaptations or modifications

  1. Cordova-Marks et al. (2020) used the abbreviated CD-RISC-10 (abbreviated from 25 items to 10)
  2. Wording changed in item 3 from ‘humorous’ to ‘funny’ per suggestion from a northern Arizona tribe, Tribal Council member.

Modality and administration

Self report; Administered as self-report questionnaires in clinical and community samples; or as interviewer-assisted surveys by a trained Hopi interviewer, conducted in-person.

Scoring

Each of the 10 items is scored on a 4-point Likert scale (0 = not true at all to 4 = true nearly all the time). Scores are summed to yield a total ranging from 0–40, with higher scores indicating greater resilience.

Psychometric evidence

Cordova-Marks et al. (2020): Cronbach’s alpha of 0.78

Citation(s)

  • Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113 [Original citation]
  • Campbell-Sills, L., & Stein, M. B. (2007). Psychometric analysis and refinement of the ConnorDavidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(6), 1019-1028. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20271 [Abbreviated CD-RISC-10 citation]
  • Cordova-Marks, F. M., Cunningham, J. K., Harris, R. B., Gerald, L. B., Norton, B., Mastergeorge, A. M., & Teufel-Shone, N. I. (2020). Resilience and stress among Hopi female caregivers. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 27(2), 77–86.

    Note: The included citations are not exhaustive, but represent the examples we had access to. If you are an original author or have other work that could be included here, please contact us.