Description

The Cultural Socialization measure assesses the frequency with which caregivers engage in activities that promote their child’s understanding, pride, and participation in Anishinaabe culture. Items ask how often, in the past month, caregivers involved their child in spiritual practices, shared cultural teachings, used the Anishinaabe language, and expressed pride in Anishinaabe identity. The purpose of this measure is to capture active efforts by caregivers to pass on cultural values, knowledge, and identity. Total scores, derived from summed item responses, reflect the extent of cultural socialization, with higher scores indicating more frequent engagement in culturally affirming practices.

AI/AN Communities where the measure has been used

Communities in the northern Midwestern United States and Canada

Demographics of AI/AN participants where the scale has been used

Adult caregivers with children

Notes on adaptations or modifications

  1. Reduced number of items (original measure has 15 items)
  2. Minor language changes to some items for clarity
  3. “Lakota” changed to “Anishinaabe”
  4. Addition of two items: “I shared Anishinaabe teachings with [child]” and “I called [child] by their Anishinaabe name.”

Modality and administration

Self-report; this measure is administered via in-person/phone interviews, or an online REDCap link is sent to the participant

Scoring

Responses are recorded on a 5-point Likert scale: Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Often, and Very Often, with an additional “Don’t Know/Refuse to Answer” option available for all items. Each response is assigned a value from 1 (Never) to 5 (Very Often). Items are summed to produce a total score, with higher scores indicating more frequent engagement in cultural socialization practices. Responses marked as “Don’t Know/Refuse to Answer” are treated as missing in the scoring process.

Psychometric evidence

Available for MOSAIC measure (Tuitt et al., 2023)

Citation(s)

Tuitt, N., Asdigian, N. L., Mousseau, A., Ivanich, J., Zacher, T., Skinner, L., Willow Richards, F. R., Robe, L. B., Keane, E., Boland, S., & Rumbaugh Whitesell, N. (2023). Measure of Socialization of American Indian Children (MOSAIC): Understanding the roots of ethnic-racial identity. Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology, 29(4), 564–574. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000559